Epidural Injection
Disease Overview
Degenerative conditions of the spine such as a herniated disc and spinal stenosis may compress associated spinal nerves and cause back pain. This pain or numbness may extend to the parts of the body that the nerve supplies such as hips, buttocks, and legs.
What is an Epidural Spinal Injection?
An epidural spinal injection is a non-surgical treatment option for relieving back pain. Your doctor usually suggests a non-surgical method to treat back pain, and epidural spinal injection is one of these preferences. In cases where you find no relief from this and other non-surgical methods, surgery is recommended.
What does the Epidural Spinal Injection Compose of?
Epidural spinal injections contain a strong anti-inflammatory agent called corticosteroid and an anesthetic for pain relief. It is not the same as epidural anesthesia given before childbirth to decrease labor pain.
Epidural injections are administered into the epidural space of the spine. The epidural space is the space between the outermost covering of the spinal cord (dura mater) and the wall of the spinal canal. It is approximately 5 mm wide and is filled with spinal nerve roots, fat and small blood vessels.
Indications for Epidural Steroid Injection
Pain management in different conditions such as spinal stenosis, disc herniation, and arthritis can be performed through epidural injection. An epidural spinal injection may be employed both for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons.
Diagnostic purpose: Medication is administered to determine the specific nerve root involved in the spinal problem.
Therapeutic purpose: Medication is administered for inducing short- or long-term relief from pain and inflammation.
It is to be noted that epidural spinal injection is not a curative intervention; rather, it is a treatment tool to reduce discomfort so that rehabilitation programs such as physical therapy may be well executed.
Procedure of Epidural Steroid Injection
Epidural spinal injection is usually performed on an outpatient basis. The procedure involves the following steps:
- You will be taken to the pre-op area where trained nursing staff prepares you for the procedure by measuring your vitals and reviewing your medications. Blood sugar and coagulation status may also be checked if needed.
- You will then be taken to the procedure room and made to lie face down on a table.
- The injection site is then cleansed and an injection of a local numbing agent is administered in the area so that you don’t feel pain during the procedure.
- A thin hollow needle is then inserted into the epidural space, guided by fluoroscopic X-ray to place the needle in the correct position. This system provides real-time X-ray images of the position of the needle in the spine on a monitor for your surgeon to view.
- A contrast material is then injected through the accurately-placed hollow needle to confirm that the drug flows to the affected nerve when injected.
- When your doctor is satisfied with the position of the needle, the anesthetic drug and corticosteroid are injected through the same needle inserted in the spine.
- Finally, the needle is removed, and the injection site is covered with a dry, sterile bandage.
What can you Expect after Epidural Spinal Injection?
You may feel some pressure during the administration of the injection, but the procedure is generally painless. The procedure takes about 15-30 minutes to complete. After the injection, you are advised not to drive or return to work. You should rest and avoid any vigorous activities. Your surgeon may give specific post-care instructions. Please follow the instructions to recover faster.
Recovery Time following Epidural Spinal Injection
Patients may feel numbness in the arms or legs just after the procedure along with other side effects related to the anesthetic component that usually settles down within 1-8 hours. Patients may continue to feel some back pain, epidural spinal injections take about 24-72 hours before showing their pain-relieving action. In some cases, if the desired effect is not obtained, then reinjection may be recommended. The standard guidelines for steroid injections state a maximum of 3 injections per year. In case no relief is obtained from spinal injection, then surgery is considered as the final option.
Risks and Complications following Epidural Spinal Injection
With any procedure, some risk factors will always be there. Likewise, epidural spinal injections have complications such as bleeding or infection at the injection site, pain during or after injection, post-injection headache, nerve injury, bladder dysfunction, fluid retention, respiratory arrest, epidural hematoma, and spinal cord infarction. Discuss with your doctor if you have any concerns prior to the procedure.
